A Complete Guide to Traditional Filipiniana: From Baro’t Saya to Modern Terno

Wearing Filipiniana clothing isn’t just about being formally dressed—it is also an artistry representation, of pride the Filipinos, and their culture. Deeply rooted in history, traditional Filipiniana clothes like Baro’t Saya, Maria Clara, and Terno reflect the assimilated Spanish and local cultural motifs of the country’s civilization.

What Is Filipiniana?

Filipiniana refers to traditional clothing worn by Filipino women, often characterized by elegant silhouettes, butterfly sleeves, and delicate embroidery. Originally worn during the Spanish colonial period, Filipiniana has evolved to include both traditional and contemporary styles while preserving its cultural roots.

Filipiniana is more than a costume—it's a symbol of identity, resilience, and grace, especially during formal events, cultural celebrations, and national holidays like Buwan ng Wika or Independence Day.

The Evolution of Filipiniana Clothing

1. Baro’t Saya

Baro’t Saya is a combination of a blouse and skirt which makes it one of the earliest types of Filipiniana. Baro is a loose and flowing blouse while Saya is a long skirt. Women from the Philippines from the pre-colonial and colonial era wore this style made from piña or jusi. It demonstrates the modesty of Filipino women, especially from the working class. Today, it is still worn during traditional dances as well as cultural events in schools.

2. Maria Clara

Like the Maria Clara gown, named after the heroine in Rizal’s novel Noli Me Tangere, maternal roots gave structure and Spanish influence to the Baro’t Saya. The gown is made up of a vestido/ a full skirt, pañuelo which is an embroidered shawl as well as a tapis which is an overskirt. The Maria Clara stands for a modest lady who is a Filipino in the age of Spain and as such is depicted during theatrical performances or on themed celebrations.

3. Terno

In the early 1900s, The Terno evolved into a national fashion symbol due to its butterfly sleeves. It became a representation of Filipino culture after evolving from the Maria Clara which had a more fitted bodice, cleaner lines, and a modernized silhouette.  

Imelda Marcos is well-known for sporting these styles and they remain popular choices for pageants, galas and other formal events. Modern designers have started to alter The Terno to be more versatile while still maintaining the charm and grace that The Terno is known for.

Although traditional Filipiniana was only worn during cultural days or performances; it is now being brought back to mainstream fashion by a new wave of designers. From crop top ternos to couture barong dresses, culturally worn outfits are stylish and meaningful.

Modern looks often blend traditional materials such as piña, jusi, or cocoon with contemporary cut skirts and dresses making them suitable for weddings, corporate events or even casual gatherings. 

If you are like us and love a fresh take on tradition, our collection of modern Filipiniana features contemporary versions of traditional designs, perfect for stylish Filipinas of today.